A {coronary heart attack}, or coronary thrombosis, occurs when the blood supply to the {heart} muscle is so inadequate that an area of {muscle} is damaged & functions poorly. Each year, more & more people (both men & women) are affected by {coronary thrombosis}. About 25% don't survive the 1st attack. !b i! The only solution is to reduce the risks. . .
!n! Main risks are:
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cigarette smoking
{high blood pressure}
{high blood cholesterol}
being overweight
lack of exercise
{stress}
excessive alcohol intake
#ashtray HEART
/sound effects, smoking
/Cigarette smoking
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The more you smoke, the greater the risk. Smoking 20 cigarettes/day more than doubles the chance of having a {coronary heart attack}. If other factors are present, the risk is greater still. Cigarette smoking damages the {circulation} in 2 ways:
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carbon monoxide in tobacco smoke reduces available {oxygen} intake into body
nicotine in tobacco smoke causes contraction of {arteries} which reduces blood flow. This is 1 possible cause of development of {atheroma} in artery walls
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If a person stops smoking, the risk gradually lessens.
#stroke blood
/High blood pressure
The higher your {blood pressure}, the greater the chance of developing {coronary heart disease}. It makes sense to have your blood pressure checked periodically (see 'Looking After Your Heart - Facts About High Blood Pressure' section).
#stroke cholesterol
/High blood cholesterol
A {high blood cholesterol} level can cause damage to the {coronary arteries}. By changing the !i! type !n! of {fat} in your diet, your blood {cholesterol} level can be reduced (see 'Diet' section).
#stroke overweight
If you're overweight, the {heart} has to pump harder to provide {oxygen} to a larger body mass. The {blood vessels} become lined with fat ({atheroma}), & this can cause an increase in blood pressure. Your doctor will be able to prescribe a suitable diet.
#exercise HEART
/animated
/Lack of exercise
!b! Exercise is vital for good health. !n! If you exercise regularly, your {heart} becomes more efficient using {oxygen} & pumps more {blood} with each beat, so it doesn't have to beat so fast.
Exercise can also be beneficial in {coronary heart disease} because it may help the growth of new {blood vessels} to replace the narrowed ones.
#man stress
/Stress
/sound effects, car horns
A {heart attack} may be caused by acute mental {stress} (e.g. bereavement). This is more likely if other risk factors are present - such as {high blood pressure} or smoking.
#excessive alcohol
/Excessive alcohol intake
Alcohol may cause you to put on weight. Large quantities can damage the {heart} muscle & cause disturbances to the natural rhythm of the heartbeat (see 'Substance Abuse - Alcohol' section). Another is coffee; in a recent study published in the British Medical Journal, it was found that people who drink 9+ cups of coffee/day had a significantly increased risk of death from {coronary disease}.
Some risks - such as family history - cannot be altered. This makes it even more important to control the risks that you can do something about.